NCLEX-RN Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balance Flashcards

What are the priority ECG changes seen in hyperkalemia, and which medication is given specifically to protect the heart?

A client has a potassium level of 3.2 mEq/L. Which nursing action regarding potassium replacement is the absolute priority for safety?

What is the primary neurological manifestation of hypernatremia, and what is the underlying cellular cause?

Select the appropriate intervention for the type of hyponatremia:

Recall the classic mnemonic rhyme for hypercalcemia symptoms ('Bones, stones...'), and name the priority fluid intervention.

The nurse inflates a blood pressure cuff on a client's arm and observes carpal spasm. How should this finding be documented?

Hypomagnesemia increases neuromuscular excitability. What is the lethal cardiac dysrhythmia associated with low magnesium?

A client is receiving IV magnesium sulfate for preeclampsia. Which assessment finding indicates magnesium toxicity?

A client with Chronic Kidney Disease is prescribed calcium acetate (a phosphate binder). When should the nurse administer this medication?

List three key clinical indicators of Fluid Volume Deficit (hypovolemia).

What is the primary respiratory sign of Fluid Volume Excess, and what happens to the neck veins?

Complete the statements regarding fluid movement:

Severe hypophosphatemia (<2.5 mg/dL) impacts ATP production. What is the priority system to monitor for failure?

In Refeeding Syndrome, the rapid introduction of carbohydrates causes a dangerous shift of which electrolyte into the cells?

Due to the reciprocal relationship, high phosphorus causes {{1}}. Therefore, the patient displays signs such as {{2}}.

Which statement correctly describes the relationship between calcium and phosphorus in the body?

A nurse is preparing to administer 3% NaCl to a client with severe hyponatremia. What is the priority nursing action?

Differentiate the cardiovascular assessment findings:

Define third-spacing and explain why a patient can be hypotensive despite having edema.

Which assessment finding best indicates that a client is experiencing third-spacing of fluids?

List the normal reference ranges for pH, PaCO2, and HCO3.

A client is admitted with an acute exacerbation of COPD and pneumonia. Which arterial blood gas (ABG) pattern should the nurse anticipate?

Complete the statement regarding respiratory alkalosis:

Which client clinical history presents the highest risk for developing metabolic acidosis?

What are the two primary gastrointestinal causes of metabolic alkalosis?

Identify the compensatory mechanisms for acid-base imbalances:

Explain the ROME mnemonic for interpreting ABGs.

A nurse observes a client with Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) exhibiting deep, rapid, and labored breathing. How should the nurse interpret this finding?