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UPSC CSE Prelims Antibiotic Resistance & Vaccine Types Flashcards

Master 10 antibiotic resistance & vaccine types concepts for the UPSC CSE Prelims.

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Question

Identify the mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) based on their cellular action:

Bacteria producing beta-lactamase survive via , whereas those pumping antibiotics out of the cell use . Altering the binding site of the drug (e.g., mutated PBPs) is known as .

Question

Consider the following statements regarding Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) which spreads resistance among bacteria:

  1. Conjugation involves the direct transfer of DNA via a pilus.
  2. Transduction occurs when a bacteriophage (virus) transfers genetic material. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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