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NCLEX-RN Lab Values & Diagnostics Flashcards

Master 49 lab values & diagnostics concepts for the NCLEX-RN.

Question

Select the normal reference range for Serum Sodium (Na+):


Serum Sodium: mEq/L

Question

Select the normal reference range for Serum Potassium (K+):


Serum Potassium: mEq/L

Question

What is the normal reference range for total serum Calcium?


Question

What is the normal reference range for Magnesium?


Question

What is the normal reference range for Phosphorus (Phosphate)?


Question

Select the normal reference range for White Blood Cell (WBC) count:


WBC Count: /mm³

Question

Select the normal reference range for Platelets:


Platelet Count: /mm³

Question

Select the general adult normal ranges for Hemoglobin and Hematocrit:


Hemoglobin:g/dL Hematocrit:%

Question

Which laboratory value is the most specific indicator of renal function?


Question

At what percentage is Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) diagnostic for diabetes mellitus?


Question

A patient presents with dyspnea. An elevated B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP >100 pg/mL) specifically suggests which condition?


Question

What is the primary clinical utility of a D-Dimer test?


Question

Complete the normal ranges for Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) components:


pH:PaCO2:HCO3:

Question

A patient has a low Serum Albumin level (2.5 g/dL). What is the priority nursing assessment?


Question

What is the normal fasting glucose range, and at what lower threshold is hypoglycemia considered clinically significant requiring immediate action?


Question

Elevated ammonia (15-45 mcg/dL normal) causes which complication in liver disease, and what medication is used to lower it?


Question

Which laboratory value is the most specific indicator for acute pancreatitis?


Question

What do elevated C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) indicate?


Question

Complete the interpretation of Urine Specific Gravity (Normal: 1.005–1.030):


High USG (>1.030) =Low USG (<1.005) =

Question

Arrange the steps for treating a potential infection in the correct priority order:


Tap tiles below to build the sentence...

Question

What is the normal reference range for AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase)?


Question

Complete the statement regarding the specificity of liver enzymes:


ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase) is considered the enzyme for hepatocellular injury compared to AST. Its normal range is U/L.

Question

What is the normal range for Total Bilirubin and what physical sign indicates significant elevation?


Question

A client is diagnosed with obstructive jaundice (cholestasis) due to gallstones. Which bilirubin fraction is primarily elevated?


Question

A client presents with hemolytic anemia. Which liver panel value will be elevated due to increased red blood cell destruction?


Question

What is the normal range for Ammonia, and what medication is the priority intervention for critical elevation?


Question

What is the normal adult reference range for Free T4 (Thyroxine)?


Question

What is the normal adult reference range for Free T3 (Triiodothyronine)?


Question

Complete the clinical profile for Primary Hypothyroidism:


Labs showTSH and T3/T4. Hallmark symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, and .

Question

A client presents with tachycardia, weight loss, and heat intolerance. Which laboratory finding confirms Primary Hyperthyroidism?


Question

Complete the clinical profile for Troponin I, the gold standard biomarker for myocardial injury:


Normal Level: Initial Rise: 3-6 hours Duration:

Question

What is the normal reference range for Troponin T?


Question

What is the normal range for CK-MB and when does it return to baseline?


Question

What is the normal value for B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) and what level indicates severe heart failure?


Question

A 60-year-old client presents with dyspnea. Which NT-proBNP result would support a diagnosis of acute heart failure in this age group?


Question

A client presents with chest pain and a negative initial troponin level. What is the priority nursing action regarding biomarkers?


Question

What does persistent proteinuria (presence of protein in urine) typically indicate regarding renal health?


Question

Complete the statement regarding glycosuria:


Glucose appears in the urine when blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold of approximately .

Question

A client's urinalysis results show WBC >5/HPF and positive nitrites. Which condition is most likely?


Question

In a urine culture, what colony count (CFU/mL) represents a definitive positive result for a Urinary Tract Infection?


Question

The nurse is preparing to collect blood cultures for a client with a suspected bloodstream infection. Which action is the priority to ensure accurate results?


Question

Select the correct pH characteristics for the following conditions:


A high-protein diet typically causes urine, whereas a UTI with urea-splitting organisms typically causes urine.

Question

A client has a total cholesterol level of 210 mg/dL. How is this finding categorized?


Question

What is the optimal LDL cholesterol level for the general population, and what is the stricter target for high-risk cardiac patients?


Question

Which finding regarding High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk?


Question

Normal triglycerides are <150 mg/dL. Levels exceeding 500 mg/dL require immediate notification of the provider due to the risk of which acute condition?


Question

Select the correct HbA1c values for diagnosis versus therapeutic management.


Diagnostic criteria for Diabetes: HbA1c ≥ %. Therapeutic goal for most clients with diabetes: HbA1c < %.

Question

A client has a serum osmolality of 305 mOsm/kg. Which clinical condition corresponds to this finding?


Question

A serum lactate level > 4 mmol/L is a critical finding indicating which physiological state?